Good afternoon, I hope everyone is doing well. Today I will furnish the answers to the test, American Slogans, which was the last Tidbit article. How well did you do?

1.       “Give me liberty or give me death.”   Abraham Lincoln, Patrick Henry, or Thomas Jefferson. Correct answer is Patrick Henry, March 3, 1775. The focus of the speech was the British government would not give the colonies freedom nor remove harmful penalties without a fight.

2.      “Remember the Alamo!”   Admiral Dewey; Davy Crockett, General Sidney Sherman. Correct answer is General Sidney Sherman. Sherman led his troops at the Battle of San Jacinto, and they are generally credited as first uttering the famous war cry.

3.      “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”   Herbert Hoover; Dwight Eisenhower; Franklin Roosevelt. Spoken by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first inaugural address on March 4, 1933. He used the line to reassure Americans during the Great Depression, arguing that the fear and panic caused by the economic crisis were the greatest obstacles to recovery.

4.      “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.” Nathan Hale; Paul Revere; Benedict Arnold.  Correct answer is Nathan Hale. Hale was undercover in New York City. Spies during the Revolution War were hanged as illegal combatants. On the morning of September 22, 1776, Hale was marched along Post Road to the Park of Artillery, which was next to a public house called the Dove Tavern (at modern-day 66th Street and Third Avenue), and hung. He was 21 years old.

5.      “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” William Prescott; General Israel Putman; Daniel Webster. The phrase "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes" is a military order to wait until the enemy is very close before firing. It is most famously attributed to Colonel William Prescott during the Battle of Bunker Hill in the American Revolution, and it was intended to conserve limited ammunition by ensuring each shot would be more likely to hit the target.

6.      “I have not yet begun to fight.”   Admiral Farragut; General Grant; John Paul Jones. A famous quote by John Paul Jones, the American naval commander, who said it during the American Revolutionary War. When asked if he was ready to surrender after a fierce battle with the British frigate Serapis in 1779, Jones' defiant reply signified he would not give up.

7.      “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.”   Robert E. Lee; General Sherman; Commodore Perry. Was written by Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry after the decisive American victory in the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813. He sent it in a dispatch to General William Henry Harrison to report the capture of the British fleet during the War of 1812.

8.      “Go west, young man, and grow up with the country.”    Henry Raymond; Horace Greeley; Brigham Young. A phrase, the origin of which is often credited to the American author and newspaper editor Horace Greeley, concerning the United States' westward expansion as related to the concept of manifest destiny. No one has yet proven who first used this phrase in print, although 21st century analysis supports Greeley as the phrase originator.

9.      “Damn the torpedoes! Full speed ahead!”   Stephen Decatur; Admiral Farragut; Admiral King. A famous quote attributed to Union Admiral David Farragut during the Battle of Mobile Bay in the Civil War. Despite being warned of naval mines (then called "torpedoes") ahead, he ordered his fleet to continue into the Confederate-held harbor at full speed, leading them to victory.

10.  “Taxation without representation is tyranny.”   Thomas Jefferson; Patrick Henry; James Otis. The phrase is often attributed to lawyer James Otis of Boston in the early 1760s that emerged during the American Revolution, arguing that it is unjust for a government to tax its citizens without allowing them to have representatives in the legislature that passes the tax laws. The phrase was used by colonists to protest British taxes and became a rallying cry for independence, as they felt this lack of voice was a form of oppression.

11.  “The world must be made safe for democracy.”    Herbert Hoover; Warden Harding; Woodrow Wilson. The phrase was a central line from U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's address to a special joint session of the U.S. Congress on April 2, 1917. In this speech, he requested a declaration of war against Germany, leading to the United States' entry into World War I.

12.  “We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately.”   Benjamin Franklin; Samuel Adams; John Hancock. It was said around the time the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776 to emphasize the necessity of unity among the colonies. If they did not stand together, they would be defeated by the British and face execution for treason.

13.  “Our country may she always be in the right, but our country right or wrong.”   James Madison; John Adams, Stephen Decatur. US naval officer and commodore Stephan Decatur was gaining immense admiration and accolades for his naval expeditions and adventures. Decatur was famous for his daredevil acts of valor, especially for the burning of the frigate USS Philadelphia, which was in the hands of pirates from the Barbary States. Having captured the ship with just a handful of men, Decatur set the ship on fire and came back victorious without losing a single man in his army. The quote was made during a toast when he was honored as a hero.

14.  “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.”    Charles Pinckney; Thomas Paine; Alexander Hamilton. Was a popular slogan that arose from the XYZ Affair in 1798, signifying America's refusal to pay bribes to France for a peaceful relation. The quote has also been attributed to Robert Goodloe Harper.

15.  “Sir, I would rather be right than President.”    Henry Clay; Daniel Webster; Horace Greeley. It is famously attributed to American statesman Henry Clay, known as "the Great Compromiser," for his efforts to prevent the American Civil War, was a prominent politician who served as Speaker of the House and a U.S. Senator in the 19th century. He reportedly made this declaration on the Senate floor on February 7, 1839, during a speech in which he took an unpopular stance against the immediate abolition of slavery, a position that ultimately damaged his presidential aspirations.

16.  “You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”     Grover Cleveland; William J. Bryan; William Borah. Was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. bimetallism), which he believed would bring the nation prosperity. He decried the gold standard.

17.  “These are the times that try men’s souls.”     George Washington; Franklin Roosevelt; Thomas Paine. This is the opening line from a pamphlet series called The American Crisis by Thomas Paine during the American Revolution. Paine wrote it to describe the severe challenges of the war and to inspire colonists to remain committed to the cause of liberty, distinguishing true patriots from those who would give up when things got difficult.

18.  “I shall return!”     Harry Truman; Woodrow Wilson; Douglas MacArthur. The line was famously delivered by General Douglas MacArthur in 1942 after being ordered to evacuate the Philippines during World War II. He made the declaration to the Filipino people as a promise to return and liberate the islands from Japanese occupation.

19.  “Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which will live in infamy---”   Alfred E. Smith; Franklin Roosevelt; Herbert Hoover. The speech delivered by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, to a joint session of Congress on December 8, 1941. The previous day, the Empire of Japan attacked United States military bases at Pearl Harbor and the Philippines and declared war on the United States and the British Empire. The speech is known for its famed first line.

20. “Fifty-four forty, or fight.”   Theodore Roosevelt; William Allen; John Pershing.  The slogan has been associated with Polk and his campaign of 1844, "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" was not actually coined during the election but appeared only by January 1846 and was promoted and driven in part by the press associated with the Democratic Party. The phrase has since become frequently misidentified as a Polk campaign slogan, even in many textbooks. Bartlett's Familiar Quotations attributes the slogan to William Allen. It referred to the U.S. claim to the entire Oregon Territory up to latitude 54 degrees 40' north and symbolized the aggressive expansionism of the era, known as Manifest Destiny. Despite the slogan's aggressive stance, the U.S. and Great Britain eventually negotiated the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the border at the 49-degree parallel.